The Effect of Physical Activity on Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence in Sokoto State
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Background of the Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for over 30% of global deaths (World Health Organization [WHO], 2024). Risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity contribute significantly to the burden of CVDs (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control [NCDC], 2024). Regular physical activity has been widely recognized as a key preventive measure against cardiovascular diseases by improving heart health, reducing cholesterol levels, and enhancing overall metabolic function (Aliyu & Garba, 2024).
In Sokoto State, cardiovascular disease prevalence is rising due to sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary habits, and increasing urbanization (Usman et al., 2024). Many individuals, particularly in urban areas, engage in limited physical activity, which has been linked to an increased risk of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Despite growing awareness of the benefits of exercise, many residents do not meet the recommended physical activity guidelines set by WHO.
This study aims to examine the relationship between physical activity levels and cardiovascular disease prevalence in Sokoto State, highlighting the role of exercise in disease prevention and management.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the well-documented benefits of physical activity, a large proportion of the population in Sokoto State remains physically inactive, contributing to the rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (NCDC, 2024). Sedentary behavior, lack of recreational facilities, and poor awareness of exercise benefits have further exacerbated the problem (Ogunleye et al., 2024). While several studies have examined CVD risk factors at the national level, limited research has specifically focused on the impact of physical activity on CVD prevalence in Sokoto State.
Understanding the link between physical activity and cardiovascular disease will help in designing effective intervention programs to reduce CVD risk and improve public health outcomes.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the level of physical activity among residents of Sokoto State.
2. To examine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the state.
3. To determine the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease prevalence.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of physical activity among residents of Sokoto State?
2. What is the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the state?
3. How does physical activity influence cardiovascular disease prevalence?
Research Hypotheses
1. Low levels of physical activity are significantly associated with high cardiovascular disease prevalence in Sokoto State.
2. Individuals who engage in regular physical activity have a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases.
3. Increasing public awareness of physical activity benefits can reduce the burden of CVDs in Sokoto State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on adults in Sokoto State, assessing their physical activity levels and cardiovascular disease prevalence. Limitations may include reliance on self-reported physical activity data and variations in individual health histories.
Definitions of Terms
• Physical Activity – Any bodily movement that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health.
• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) – A group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including hypertension, stroke, and coronary artery disease.
• Sedentary Lifestyle – A way of living that involves minimal physical movement, increasing health risks.
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